Sunday 23 November 2014

達味王的罪 (The Sins of King David)


天主教教理第1841段提到拜占廷禮(Byzantine Liturgy)的赦罪經文, 引述聖經裏的例子表達寬恕的奧跡。這段由供司鐸用的經文是這樣的:

 「天主曾藉著先知納堂寬恕了懺悔的達味;也曾寬恕痛哭的伯多祿、用眼淚擦乾耶穌雙腳的妓女、以及稅吏和浪子。願這同一天主藉著我這罪人寬恕你,在今世及來世;願祂使你走到祂威嚴的審判座前時,不會受到任何譴責。祂當受頌揚,直到永遠。阿們。」

“May the same God, who through the Prophet Nathan forgave David when he confessed his sins, who forgave Peter when he wept bitterly, the prostitute when she washed his feet with her tears, the publican, and the prodigal son, through me, a sinner, forgive you both in this life and in the next and enable you to appear before his awe-inspiring tribunal without condemnation, he who is blessed for ever and ever. Amen.”


這段赦罪經文裏提到懺悔的達味,達味為何要懺悔呢? 達味是天主親選的第二任以色列王,他『統治了全以色列,對自己所有的人民秉行公義。』(撒下8:15),本是受主所喜愛的。他犯的罪,記載在撒慕爾下書第十一章。

當時,達味派了約阿步(Joab)和軍官、以色列人出征,自己則留在耶路撒冷。一天傍晚,達味看見了正在沐浴的巴特舍巴(Bathsheba),被她的美貌吸引,縱使明知她已成為他的下屬軍官赫特人(Hittite)烏黎雅(Uriah)的妻子,也是軍官厄理安(Eliam)的女兒,仍與她同寢。

達味看著沐浴中的巴特舍巴與後方騎馬的烏黎雅 (David watching the bathing Bathsheba and Uriah riding a horse at the far end; by P Bordone 1549; painting at Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, Cologne; http://www.wga.hu/html_m/b/bordone/bathsheb.html)

錯了第一步,令巴特舍巴懷了孕,達味把烏黎雅從戰場召回來,並兩次打發他回家,大概是希望他回家與妻子同床,以圖掩飾達味令巴特舍巴懷孕之事。但是烏黎雅是一個義氣之人,有感約櫃、以色列和猶太人都住在帳幕裏,而他的上司約阿步及下屬都仍在野外露宿,他也不願回家吃喝及和妻子睡覺。

烏黎雅的正義並沒有喚醒達味,反令達味起殺意,在給約阿步的信內,指明要讓烏黎雅受攻擊陣亡。烏黎雅終於戰亡,達味便於巴特舍巴的居喪期一滿,就把她接到宮中,如此,達味保全了巴特舍巴及腹中的孩子的名聲,但卻犯了殺害無辜的罪。

達味什麼時候才知道自己的錯呢?似乎是要在納堂先知(Prophet Nathan)明斥才感到有錯。在撒慕爾下書第十二章,納堂先知首先說一個富人強取了窮人唯一所擁有的小母羊來款待旅客的故事,比喻達味強槍烏黎雅的妻子,引起達味的反應後,繼而直斥其非,指出達味『輕視上主,作出他眼中視為邪惡的事』,更隨即指出對達味的懲罰, 包括:從此刀劍永不離開他家;由家裏激起災禍反對他;和讓他的妻妾與他的近人同寢。

然後,出現了懺悔和赦罪,
『達味對納堂說:「我得罪了上主!」納堂對達味說:「上主已赦免了你的罪惡,你不致於死;但因你在這事上蔑視了上主,給你生的那個孩子,必要死去。』(撒下12:13-14)
“Then David said to Nathan, “I have sinned against the LORD.” Nathan answered David: “For his part, the LORD has removed your sin. You shall not die, but since you have utterly spurned the LORD by this deed, the child born to you will surely die.” (2 Samuel 12:13-14)

1 comment:

achan said...

As wise as King David, he commuted such a crime lead to the death of his son. We can only pray for wisdom and grace from God